Digitalisasi Layanan Kaji Etik: Sebuah Studi Tata Kelola Komite Etik Penelitian

Tri Nugraha Susilawati, Erindra Budi Cahyanto, Usman Sudarmaji

Abstract


Abstrak Perkembangan era digital yang pesat mempermudah rutinitas dan komunikasi sehari-hari, tetapi juga menciptakan tantangan tersendiri. Penyelesaian pekerjaan kelompok memerlukan pengetahuan dan keterampilan memadai agar dapat diselesaikan dengan lancar dan menghindari miskomunikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik dan manajemen protokol penelitian yang dikaji Komite Etik Penelitian Kesehatan (KEPK) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret (FK UNS). Studi retrospektif dilakukan dengan menganalisis protokol yang masuk ke KEPK FK UNS selama periode 2018-2020. Penelitian ini membandingkan proses kaji etik terhadap protokol penelitian serta mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang muncul ketika kaji etik dilakukan secara luring/ tatap muka maupun secara daring melalui aplikasi digital dan email resmi KEPK FK UNS. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa nomor identitas protokol, judul dan jenis penelitian, asal dan lembaga pemohon, serta jumlah hari yang diperlukan tim KEPK untuk menyelesaikan kaji etik (KE) hingga akhirnya menerbitkan surat keterangan laik etik (ethical clearance/ EC). Dari 405 protokol di tahun 2018, 302 protokol di tahun 2019, dan 188 protokol di tahun 2020, didapatkan jenis penelitian terbanyak adalah penelitian observasional, diikuti penelitian intervensi. Berdasarkan asal pemohonnya, mayoritas peneliti berasal dari lingkungan internal UNS, terutama mahasiswa S1. Jenis lembaga asal pemohon didominasi oleh institusi pendidikan, disusul rumah sakit dan litbang. Layanan KE secara manual (tahun 2018) dapat diselesaikan dalam waktu rerata 20 hari. Adapun layanan KE melalui aplikasi digital diselesaikan dalam waktu lebih lama, yaitu rata-rata 58 hari (tahun 2019) dan 46 hari (tahun 2020). Layanan KE melalui email dapat diselesaikan dalam waktu rata-rata 27 hari (tahun 2019) dan 19 hari (tahun 2020). Layanan KE harus disesuaikan dengan dinamika perkembangan jaman dan situasi yang memudahkan penelaah maupun pemohon. Hal itu demi tercapainya proses kaji etik yang efisien, cepat, nyaman namun tetap memprioritaskan kualitas telaah. Untuk mencapai hal tersebut, KEPK dapat merancang program edukasi berupa in-house training kepada penelaah serta pelatihan kepada peneliti untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan teknis dalam menyusun protokol penelitian agar dapat diterima baik secara etik maupun secara digital.

Abstract Background: The rapid development of digital era simplifies daily tasks and communication despite creating challenges. For example, when the tasks involve team work, particular knowledge and skills are needed to complete the tasks smoothly without bringing up any miscommunication. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and the management of research protocols submitted for ethical reviews at the Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS). Method: A retrospective study was conducted to analyse research protocols submitted to the HREC during the period of 2018-2020. This study compared the process of ethical reviews and identified problems during the conventional review (board meeting) and digital review (via digital application and the HREC official email). The following data were collected: protocol numbers, research titles, type of research, researcher’s origins, and the number of days required for the HREC team to complete the review and finally issuing ethical approval; i.e., the Ethical Review (ER) service. Results: A total of 405 protocols in 2018, 302 protocols in 2019, and 188 protocols in 2020 were submitted to the HREC. Most of the research protocols were observational studies, followed by interventional studies. The majority of researchers were undergraduate students of UNS. The origins of researchers were mostly from educational institutions, followed by hospital and research and development (R&D) institutions. The mean duration to complete the ER service by conventional review in 2018 was 20 days. The use of a digital application delayed the ER service which on average took 58 days to complete in 2019 and 46 days in 2020. The mean duration for completing the ER service via emails was 27 days in 2019 and 19 days in 2020. Conclusion: The ER service should be customized in accordance with the dynamics of the times and the situations that enables reviewers and researchers to perform an efficient, rapid, and comfortable process of ethical review whilst prioritizing the review quality. In order to do this, the HERC could deliver educational programs such as inhouse training for reviewers as well as training for researchers to improve the knowledge and technical skills in composing research protocols that are ethically and digitally acceptable.


Keywords


Digitalisasi Kaji Etik; Etik Penelitian

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Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.