Etika Pemusnahan Zigot pada Proses Fertilisasi In Vitro
Abstract
Abstrak Hukum yang mengatur pengelolaan teknologi reproduksi terbantu (TRB) belum komprehensif. TRB merupakan kemajuan teknologi kesehatan yang dapat membantu pasangan memiliki anak di luar cara alamiah. Mekanisme dilakukan dengan membekukan embrio dengan nitrogen cair sehingga embrio tetap viabel dan sewaktuwaktu dapat ditanamkan ke dalam rahim. Sudah banyak peraturan yang mengikat tentang pemanfaatan TRB, di antaranya UU no. 36 tahun 2009, PP no. 61 tahun 2014, dan Permenkes no. 43 tahun 2015. Ditinjau dari segi etik, salah satu lafal sumpah dokter yang berbunyi “Saya akan menghormati setiap hidup insani mulai saat pembuahan” menjadi landasan etik pengelolaan TRB. MUI juga telah mengeluarkan fatwa bahwa TRB merupakan usaha yang dibolehkan untuk memiliki anak, namun dengan batasan-batasan tertentu. Namun, hingga kini, pemusnahan sisa embrio yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi masih belum memiliki payung hukum yang jelas sehingga diperlukan revisi KUHP dan UU lex spesialis untuk memperjelas status bahwa tindakan medis tanpa niat jahat tidak termasuk hukum pidana.
Abstract Regulation which manage the use of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is not comprehensive yet. IVF is an advanced in health reproduction technology which facilitates couples to concieve in a way other than the natural one. IVF was done by freezing the embryo with liquid nitrogen so the embryo stay viable and can be implanted in the uterus at any time. There are many regulations regarding the use of IVF, including Constitution no. 36 of 2009, Government Regulations no. 61 of 2014, and Ministry of Health Regulations no. 43 of 2015. From an ethical point of view, in one of Hippocratic Oath for physician is said that “I will maintain the utmost respect for human life from the time of conception” has become the ethical basis for IVF. Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) has also issued a fatwa which stated that IVF is an effort that is allowed to have children, but with certain limitations. However, until now, the extermination of the remaining embryos that are no longer needed still has no legal clarity, so that an amandement of the criminal code (KUHP) and the Lex Specialist Law is needed to clarify the status that medical actions without malicious intent are not included in the criminal law.
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